Muna 2021, kuvakwa uye kusimudzira network ye5G yepasi rose yakaita budiriro huru.Maererano nedheta yakabudiswa neGSA munaAugust, vanopfuura 175 vanoshanda munyika dzinopfuura 70 uye matunhu akatanga 5G mabhizimisi mabasa.Kune 285 vanoshanda vari kuisa mari mu5G.China's 5G kuvaka nhanho iri pamberi penyika.Nhamba ye5G base stations muChina yakapfuura miriyoni imwe, inosvika ku1159000 inoshamisa, inodarika 70% yenyika.Mune mamwe mazwi, kune matatu ega ega e5G base pasirese, maviri ari muChina.
5G base station
Iko kuenderera mberi kwekuvandudza kwe5G network network kwakawedzera kumhara kwe5G muInternet yevatengi uye maindasitiri Internet.Kunyanya muindasitiri yakatwasuka, kune anopfuura 10000 5G application kesi muChina, inovhara minda yakawanda senge maindasitiri ekugadzira, simba uye simba, zviteshi, migodhi, logistics uye chekufambisa.
Hapana mubvunzo kuti 5G yave chombo chakapinza cheshanduko yedhijitari yemabhizinesi epamba uye injini yekusimudzira kwemhando yepamusoro yehupfumi hwedhijitari munharaunda yese.
Nekudaro, nepo 5G zvikumbiro zvichikwidziridzwa, tichaona kuti iripo 5G tekinoroji yatanga kuratidza mamiriro e "kusagona" mune mamwe akakosha maindasitiri ekushandisa.Panyaya yechiyero, kugona, kunonoka uye kuvimbika, haigone kusangana ne100% yezvinodiwa zvechiitiko.
Sei?Ko 5G, iyo inotarisirwa zvakanyanya nevanhu, ichiri kunetsa kuve mutoro mukuru?
Chokwadi kwete.Chikonzero chikuru nei 5G "isina kukwana" ndechekuti isu tinongoshandisa "hafu ye5G".
Ini ndinotenda vanhu vazhinji vanoziva kuti kunyangwe 5G yakajairwa ndiyo yega, kune maviri frequency mabhendi.Imwe inonzi sub-6 GHz bhendi, uye frequency renji iri pazasi 6GHz (chaizvo, pazasi 7.125Ghz).Imwe yacho inonzi millimeter wave bhendi, uye frequency renji iri pamusoro pe24GHz.
Range kuenzanisa maviri frequency mabhendi
Parizvino, chete 5G ye-sub-6 GHz bhendi inotengeswa muChina, uye hapana 5G yekutengeserana millimeter wave bhendi.Naizvozvo, simba rese re5G harina kuburitswa zvachose.
Unyanzvi hwakanakira millimeter wave
Kunyangwe 5G mu sub-6 GHz bhendi uye 5G mumillimeter wave bhendi iri 5G, pane misiyano mikuru mukuita maitiro.
Zvinoenderana neruzivo rwemumabhuku efizikisi echikoro chepakati, kukwirisa frequency yewireless electromagnetic wave, kupfupika kwewavelength, uye kunowedzera kugona kwekusiyanisa.Uyezve, iyo yakakwirira frequency, yakakura kurasikirwa kwekupinda.Naizvozvo, iyo 5G yekuvhara ye millimeter wave bhendi sezviri pachena haina kusimba kupfuura yekare.Ichi ndicho chikonzero chikuru nei pasina kutengeserana millimeter wave kekutanga muChina, uye ndicho chikonzero nei vanhu vachibvunza millimeter wave.
Muchokwadi, iyo yakadzika-yakadzika pfungwa uye chokwadi chedambudziko iri hazvina kunyatsofanana nekufungidzira kwemunhu wese.Mune mamwe mazwi, isu tine rusaruro rwakaipa pamusoro pemasaisai emamirimita.
Chokutanga pane zvose, kubva pamaonero ezvigadzirwa zvemichina, tinofanira kuva nekubvumirana, ndiko kuti, pasi pechikonzero chekusachinja kwechimurenga mune dzidziso iripo yekukurukurirana, kana tichida kuwedzera zvakanyanya kuvandudza chiyero chetiweki uye bandwidth, tinogona chete kuita. nyaya pa spectrum.
Kutsvaga zviwanikwa zvakapfuma kubva kumabhendi epamusoro mabhendi isarudzo isingadzivisike yekuvandudza tekinoroji yekutaurirana.Izvi ndezvechokwadi kumamilimita masaisai izvozvi uye terahertz inogona kushandiswa ku6G mune ramangwana.
Schematic diagram ye millimeter wave spectrum
Parizvino, iyo sub-6 GHz bhendi ine yakakura bandwidth ye100MHz (kunyangwe 10MHz kana 20MHz mune dzimwe nzvimbo kunze kwenyika).Zvakanyanya kuoma kuwana chiyero che5Gbps kana kunyange 10Gbps.
Iyo 5G millimeter wave bhendi inosvika 200mhz-800mhz, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kuzadzisa zvinangwa zviri pamusoro.
Munguva pfupi yapfuura, muna Nyamavhuvhu 2021, Qualcomm yakabatana maoko neZTE kuona 5G SA mbiri mbiri yekubatanidza (nr-dc) kekutanga muChina.Kubva pa200MHz mutakuri chiteshi mu26ghz millimeter wave bhendi uye 100MHz bandwidth mu3.5GHz bhendi, Qualcomm yakashanda pamwechete kuti iwane mushandisi mumwechete downlink peak rate inodarika 2.43gbps.
Makambani maviri aya anoshandisawo carrier aggregation tekinoroji kuwana mushandisi mumwechete downlink peak rate inodarika 5Gbps zvichibva pane ina 200MHz inotakura nzira mu26ghz millimeter wave band.
Muna Chikumi gore rino, pakuratidzira kweMWC Barcelona, Qualcomm yakaona mwero wepamusoro unosvika 10.5Gbps nekushandisa Xiaolong X65, 8-Channel aggregation yakavakirwa pa n261 millimeter wave band (imwe inotakura bandwidth ye100MHz) uye 100MHz bandwidth mun77 bhendi.Iyi ndiyo inokurumidza kukurumidza cellular kutaurirana mwero muindasitiri.
Single carrier bandwidth ye100MHz uye 200MHz inogona kuita izvi.Mune ramangwana, zvichibva pamutakuri mumwe chete 400MHz uye 800MHz, pasina mubvunzo inowana chiyero chinodarika 10Gbps!
Pamusoro pekuwedzera kwakakosha muyero, imwe mukana wemillimeter wave kuderera kunonoka.
Nekuda kweiyo subcarrier spacing, kunonoka kwe5G millimeter wave kunogona kuve chikamu chimwe muzvina cheiyo sub-6ghz.Maererano nekuongorora kwekuongorora,
iyo air interface inononoka ye5G millimeter wave inogona kuita 1ms, uye kunonoka-rwendo rwekudzoka kunogona kuita 4ms, izvo zvakanakisa.
Mukana wechitatu we millimeter wave hukuru hwayo hudiki.
Iyo wavelength yemamilimita wave ipfupi kwazvo, saka antenna yayo ipfupi kwazvo.Nenzira iyi, huwandu hwemillimeter wave midziyo inogona kuderedzwa uye ine yakakwira dhigirii yekubatanidzwa.Kuomerwa kwevagadziri kugadzira zvigadzirwa kwakadzikira, izvo zvinobatsira kusimudzira miniaturization yezviteshi zvepasi uye zviteshi.
Millimeter wave antenna (yellow particles ari antenna oscillators)
Yakawedzera hombe-hombe-antenna arrays uye akawanda antenna oscillators zvakare anobatsira zvakanyanya mukushandiswa kwebeamforming.Iyo beam ye millimeter wave antenna inogona kutambira kure uye ine yakasimba anti-kukanganisa kugona, izvo zvinobatsira pakugadzirisa iyo yakashata yekuvhara.
Iyo yakawanda oscillator, iyo yakatetepa danda uye kureba kureba
Mukana wechina we millimeter wave kugona kwayo kwepamusoro-chaiyo yekumisikidza.
Iyo yekumisikidza kugona kwewireless system inowirirana zvakanyanya newavelength yayo.Kupfupika kwewavelength, ndiko kukwidziridza kurongeka kwenzvimbo.
Millimeter wave positioning inogona kuve yakarurama kusvika centimita level kana kutodzika.Ichi ndicho chikonzero mota zhinji dzava kushandisa millimeter wave radar.
Tataura zvakanakira millimeter wave, ngatidzokerei uye titaure nezve zvisingabatsiri zve millimeter wave.
Chero (Communication) tekinoroji ine zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira.Izvo zvakashata zvemillimeter wave ndezvekuti ine isina kusimba kupinda uye kupfupika kwekuvhara.
Pakutanga, takambotaura kuti millimeter wave inogona kusimudzira chinhambwe chekuvhara nekusimudzira bhenji.Mune mamwe mazwi, simba renhamba huru yeantenna inonamirwa mune imwe nzira, kuitira kuti iwedzere chiratidzo mune yakatarwa nzira.
Ikozvino millimeter wave inotora yakakwirira kuwana inotungamira array antenna kusangana nedambudziko rekufamba kuburikidza neakawanda danda tekinoroji.Zvinoenderana nemhedzisiro inoshanda, iyo analogi inopenya inotsigira yakamanikana danda inogona kunyatso kukurira yakakosha nzira kurasikirwa mu frequency bhendi pamusoro pe24GHz.
Yakakwira kuwana inotungamira antenna array
Pamusoro pekushongedza, millimeter wave multi beam inogona zvakare kuona zvirinani kuchinjisa danda, kutungamira danda uye kuteedzera danda.
Beam switching zvinoreva kuti iyo terminal inogona kusarudza mamwe akakodzera matanda emumiriri kuti achinje zvine musoro munzvimbo inoramba ichichinja kuti iwane zvirinani chiratidzo mhedzisiro.
Beam kutungamira zvinoreva kuti iyo terminal inogona kushandura iyo uplink beam kutungamira kuti ienderane nechiitiko danda nzira kubva kugnodeb.
Beam tracking inoreva kuti iyo terminal inogona kusiyanisa matanda akasiyana kubva kugnodeb.Danda rinogona kufamba nekufamba kweiyo terminal, kuitira kuti uwane yakasimba antenna kuwana.
Millimeter wave yakakwidziridzwa danda manejimendi kugona inogona zvinobudirira kuvandudza chiratidzo kuvimbika uye kuwana yakasimba chiratidzo kuwana.
Millimeter wave inogona zvakare kutora nzira kusiyanisa kubata nedambudziko rekuvharira kuburikidza neakatwasuka akasiyana uye yakachinjika kusiana.
Simulation effect kuratidzira kwenzira dzakasiyana
Padivi rekupedzisira, iyo terminal antenna siyana inogona zvakare kuvandudza kuvimbika kwechiratidzo, kurerutsa dambudziko rekuvharisa ruoko, uye kuderedza kukanganisa kunokonzerwa nemaitiro emushandisi.
Simulation effect kuratidzira kweterminal kusiyana
Kupfupisa, nekudzidza kwakadzama kwemillimeter wave reflection tekinoroji uye nzira yekusiyana, kufukidzwa kwemamirimita wave kwakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya uye kwete mutsara wekuona (NLOS) kutapurirana kwave kuchiitwa kuburikidza nehunyanzvi hwepamusoro multi beam tekinoroji.Panyaya yetekinoroji, millimeter wave yakagadzirisa bhodhoro rekare uye yakawedzera kukura, iyo inogona kuzadzisa zvizere zvinodiwa zvekutengesa.
Panyaya yemaindasitiri ketani, 5Gmillimeter wave zvakare yakakura zvakanyanya kupfuura zvaunofunga.
Mwedzi wapfuura, Fuchang Li, director wenzvimbo isina waya tekinoroji yekutsvagisa yeChina Unicom Research Institute, akajekesa kuti "parizvino, iyo millimeter wave indasitiri chain kugona kwave kukura."
Pachiratidziro cheMWC Shanghai pakutanga kwegore, vashandi vepamba vakatiwo: "nerutsigiro rwezviratidziro, zviyero uye indasitiri, millimeter wave yafambira mberi mune zvekutengesa." Pakazosvika 2022, 5G.millimeter wave ichave nehukuru hwekutengesa huwandu. "
Millimeter wave application yakaiswa
Tapedza izvo zvakanakira tekinoroji zvemillimeter wave, ngatitarisei kune ayo chaiwo maitiro ekushandisa.
Sezvatinoziva tese, chinhu chinonyanya kukosha kushandisa tekinoroji "kukudziridza masimba uye kudzivirira utera".Mune mamwe mazwi, tekinoroji inofanirwa kushandiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu anogona kupa kutamba kwakazara kune zvayakanakira.
Zvakanakira 5G millimeter wave chiyero, kugona uye kunonoka nguva.Naizvozvo, yakanyatsokodzera nhandare dzendege, zviteshi, matheatre, nzvimbo dzekurovedzera uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda, pamwe neakamira maindasitiri ezviitiko zvinonyanya kutarisisa kunonoka kwenguva, sekugadzira maindasitiri, kure kure, Internet yemotokari uye zvichingodaro.
Panyaya yeminda chaiyo yekushandisa, chaiyo chaiyo, yakakwirira-kumhanya kupinda, maindasitiri otomatiki, hutano hwekurapa, hungwaru hwekufambisa, nezvimwe inzvimbo dzese dzinogona kushandiswa 5G millimeter wave.
Nokuda kwekushandiswa kweInternet.
Kune vakajairwa vashandisi, iyo yakakura bandwidth inodiwa inouya kubva kuvhidhiyo uye yakakura kunonoka kudiwa kunobva kumitambo.VR / AR Tekinoroji (chaiyo chaiyo / yakawedzerwa chokwadi) ine zviviri zvinodiwa zvebandwidth uye kunonoka.
VR / AR tekinoroji iri kukura nekukurumidza, kusanganisira ichangobva kupisa kwazvo metauniverse, iyo zvakare ine hukama padyo navo.
Kuti uwane ruzivo rwakakwana rwekunyudza uye kubvisa zvachose dzungu, vhidhiyo yekugadzirisa yeVR inofanira kunge iri pamusoro pe8K (kunyangwe 16K uye 32K), uye kunonoka kunofanira kunge kuri mukati me7ms.Hapana mubvunzo kuti 5G millimeter wave ndiyo yakanyatsokodzera isina waya yekufambisa tekinoroji.
Qualcomm uye Ericsson vakaitisa XR bvunzo yakavakirwa pa5G millimeter wave, ichiunza makumi mapfumbamwe mafuremu pasekondi uye 2K kumushandisi wega wega × XR ruzivo ne2K resolution, nekunonoka kusingasviki 20ms, uye avhareji downlink throughput inopfuura 50Mbps.
Mhedzisiro yebvunzo inoratidza kuti gnodeb imwe chete ine system bandwidth ye100MHz inogona kutsigira 5G kuwana kwevatanhatu vashandisi veXR panguva imwe chete.Nerutsigiro rwe5G maficha mune ramangwana, iri kuvimbisa zvakanyanya kutsigira kuwana panguva imwe chete yevanopfuura vashandisi ve12.
XR bvunzo
Chimwe chiitiko chakakosha chekushandisa che5G millimeter wave pamusoro kune C-kupera vashandisi vevatengi ndeyekutepfenyura kwepamoyo kwezviitiko zvemitambo mikuru.
Muna Kukadzi 2021, mukwikwidzi wenhabvu weAmerica "super bowl" wakaitirwa kuRaymond James Stadium.
Nerubatsiro rweQualcomm, Verizon, anonyanya kuzivikanwa weUS opareta, akavaka nhandare munhandare yeInternet inokurumidza pasi rose nekushandisa 5G millimeter wave tekinoroji.
Munguva yemakwikwi, iyo 5G millimeter wave network yakatakura kupfuura 4.5tb yehuwandu hwetraffic.Mune zvimwe zviitiko, chiyero chepamusoro chaive chakakwira se3gbps, ingangoita makumi maviri nguva ye4G LTE.
Panyaya yekumhanya kwekukwira, iyi mbiya yepamusoro ndiyo yekutanga yakakosha chiitiko pasi rose uchishandisa 5G millimeter wave uplink transmission.Iyo millimeter wave furemu chimiro inochinjika, uye iyo uplink uye downlink furemu reshiyo inogona kugadziridzwa kuti iwane yakakwirira uplink bandwidth.
Zvinoenderana nedata remunda, kunyangwe panguva dzepamusoro, 5G millimeter wave inopfuura 50% nekukurumidza kupfuura 4G LTE.Nerubatsiro rwekusimba kwakasimba uplink, mafani anogona kurodha mafoto nemavhidhiyo kuti vagovane nguva dzinoshamisa dzemutambo.
Verizon yakagadzirawo application yekutsigira vateveri kuti vaone 7-channel kutenderera HD mhenyu mitambo panguva imwe chete, uye 7 makamera anopa mitambo kubva kumakona akasiyana.
Muna 2022, Mitambo ye24 yeChando yeOlympic ichavhurwa muBeijing.Panguva iyoyo, hakuzovi nekuwanikwa chete uye kudiwa kwetraffic kunounzwa nevateereri mbozhanhare, asiwo kudiwa kwedata rekudzoka kunounzwa nenhepfenyuro.Kunyanya, multi-channel 4K HD vhidhiyo siginecha uye panoramic kamera vhidhiyo chiratidzo (inoshandiswa paVR kuona) inounza dambudziko rakakura kune uplink bandwidth yenharembozha yekutaurirana network.
Mukupindura matambudziko aya, China Unicom inoronga kushingaira kupindura ne5G millimeter wave tekinoroji.
Muna Chivabvu gore rino, ZTE, China Unicom uye Qualcomm vakaita bvunzo.Uchishandisa 5G millimeter wave + hombe uplink furemu chimiro, 8K vhidhiyo yemukati yakaunganidzwa munguva chaiyo inogona kutapurirwa zvakadzikama kumashure, uye pakupedzisira yakagamuchirwa uye kutambirwa kumashure pakuguma kwekugamuchira.
Ngatitarisei kune yakatwasuka indasitiri application mamiriro.
5G millimeter wave ine yakakura application tarisiro mutob.
Chekutanga pane zvese, VR / AR yataurwa pamusoro inogona kushandiswawo muindasitiri yetob.
Semuenzaniso, mainjiniya anogona kuongorora kure kure kwemidziyo munzvimbo dzakasiyana kuburikidza neAR, kupa kutungamira kure kune mainjiniya munzvimbo dzakasiyana, uye kuitisa kure kugamuchirwa kwezvinhu munzvimbo dzakasiyana.Munguva yedenda, izvi zvikumbiro zvinogona kubatsira mabhizinesi kugadzirisa matambudziko anoshanda uye kuderedza zvakanyanya mitengo.
Tarisa vhidhiyo yekudzorera application.Iye zvino mitsetse yakawanda yekugadzira fekitori yakaisa nhamba huru yemakamera, kusanganisira mamwe makamera akakwirira-tsanangudzo yekuongorora kwemhando.Aya makamera anotora nhamba huru ye-high-definition chigadzirwa mapikicha ekuongorora kukanganisa.
Semuyenzaniso, COMAC inoitisa simbi kutsemuka ongororo pamajoini echigadzirwa solder uye nzvimbo dzakapfapfaidza nenzira iyi.Mushure mekunge mafoto atorwa, anofanirwa kuiswa kune gore kana MEC edge computing chikuva, ine uplink kumhanya kwe700-800mbps.Iyo inotora 5G millimeter wave yakakura uplink furemu chimiro, inogona kubatwa nyore.
Chimwe chiitiko chine hukama zvakanyanya ne5G millimeter wave tekinoroji ndeye AGV isina munhu mota.
5G millimeter wave inotsigira AGV kushanda
AGV ichokwadi chiitiko chekutyaira chisina kufambiswa.Kumisikidzwa kweAGV, kufamba, kuronga uye kudzivirira zvipingamupinyi zvine zvinodiwa zvakanyanya pakunonoka nekuvimbika kwetiweki, pamwe nezvinodiwa zvakanyanya zvekugona kumira zvakanaka.Huwandu hukuru hwechokwadi-nguva mepu inogadziridza yeAGV zvakare inoisa kumberi zvinodiwa kune network bandwidth.
5G millimeter wave inogona kuzadzisa zvizere zviri pamusoro pezvinodiwa zveAGV application scenarios.
Muna Ndira 2020, Ericsson neAudi vakabudirira kuyedza 5G urlc basa uye inoshanda maindasitiri otomatiki application yakavakirwa pa5G millimeter wave murabhoritari yefekitori muKista, Sweden.
Pakati pavo, ivo vakabatana vakavaka robhoti unit, iyo yakabatana ne5G millimeter wave.
Sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pamusoro, kana robhoti ruoko pakugadzira chidhiraivho, laser keteni anogona kudzivirira kuvhura divi robhoti chikwata.Kana vashandi vefekitori vasvika, zvichibva pakuvimbika kwakanyanya kwe5G urlc, robhoti rinomira kushanda nekukasira kudzivirira kukuvara kwevashandi.
Iyi mhinduro yekukurumidza kuona kuvimbika hakugoneke mune yechinyakare Wi Fi kana 4G.
Muenzaniso wepamusoro unongova chikamu chechiitiko chekushandisa che5G millimeter wave.Pamusoro peInternet yeindasitiri, 5G millimeter wave yakasimba mukuvhiya kure mumishonga yakangwara uye isina mutyairi muInternet yemotokari.
Seye tekinoroji yepamusoro ine zvakawanda zvakanaka senge chiyero chepamusoro, hukuru hukuru, kunonoka nguva yakaderera, kuvimbika kwepamusoro uye kurongeka kwepamusoro, 5G millimeter wave yakwezva kutarisisa kwakanyanya kubva kune ese mafambiro ehupenyu.
Mhedziso
Muzana remakore rechi21 izana remakore re data.
Iko kukosha kukuru kwekutengesa kuri mu data kwave kucherechedzwa nenyika.Mazuva ano, anenge ese maindasitiri ari kutsvaga hukama pakati pavo uye data uye kutora chikamu mukucherwa kwekukosha kwedata.
Kubatana matekinoroji anomiririrwa ne5Guye matekinoroji emakomputa anomiririrwa nemakore komputa, data hombe uye hungwaru hwekunyepedzera zvishandiso zvakakosha zvemigodhi data kukosha.
Kushandisa zvizere 5G, kunyanya mumillimeter wave bhendi, zvakangofanana nekuziva "goridhe kiyi" yeshanduko yedhijitari, iyo isingagone kungoziva kusvetuka kwehunyanzvi hwekuita, asiwo kusakundika mumakwikwi anotyisa mune ramangwana.
Mushoko, tekinoroji uye indasitiri ye5Gmillimeter wave yanyatsokura.Nekushandiswa kwe5Gindasitiri zvishoma nezvishoma ichipinda munzvimbo yakadzika yemvura, isu tinofanirwa kukwidza iyo yepamba yekutengeserana kumhara ye5Gmillimeter wave uye ziva kurongeka kwakarongeka kwe sub-6 uye millimeter wave.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-14-2021
