Millimeter wave(mmWave) ndiro bhendi remagetsi remagetsi rine wavelength iri pakati pe10mm (30 GHz) ne1mm (300 GHz).Iyo inodaidzwa seyakanyanya yakakwira frequency (EHF) bhendi neInternational Telecommunication Union (ITU).Mafungu eMillimeter ari pakati pe microwave uye infrared mafungu mu spectrum uye anogona kushandiswa kune akasiyana-siyana akakwira-kumhanya mawaya ekutaurirana maapplication, senge point-to-point backhaul links.
Macro maitiro anowedzera kukura kwedata
Nekuwedzera kuri kuita kwepasirese kudiwa kwedata uye yekubatanidza, ma frequency mabhendi anoshandiswa pari zvino kutaurirana pasina waya ave kuwedzera kuwanda, zvichifambisa kudiwa kwekuwana yakakwirira frequency bandwidth mukati memillimeter wave spectrum.Mazhinji macro maitiro akawedzera kudiwa kwehukuru hwe data uye nekumhanya.
1. Huwandu nemhando dze data dzakagadzirwa uye dzakagadziriswa nedata hombe dziri kuwedzera zvakanyanya zuva rega rega.Nyika inovimba nekumhanyisa-kumhanya kufambisa kwehuwandu hukuru hwedata pamidziyo isingaverengeki sekondi yega yega.Muna 2020, munhu wega wega akagadzira 1.7 MB yedata pasekondi.(Kwakabva: IBM).Mukutanga kwa2020, huwandu hwedata hwepasi rose hwaifungidzirwa kuve 44ZB (World Economic Forum).Pakazosvika 2025, kusikwa kwedata repasi rose kunotarisirwa kusvika pamusoro pe175 ZB.Mune mamwe mazwi, kuchengetedza huwandu hwakakura kudaro hwe data kunoda 12.5 bhiriyoni yemazuva ano makuru akaomarara.(International Data Corporation)
Maererano nefungidziro yeUnited Nations, 2007 ndiro gore rokutanga umo vagari vomumaguta vakapfuura vanhu vokumaruwa.Izvi zvichiri kuenderera mberi, uye zvinotarisirwa kuti panosvika gore ra2050, vanhu vanopfuura zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvevagari vepasi vanenge vagara mumaguta.Izvi zvaunza kudzvanyirirwa kuri kuwedzera pakufambiswa kwemashoko uye zvivakwa zvedata munzvimbo idzi dzine vanhu vakawanda.
3. Dambudziko repasi rose nekusagadzikana kwepasi rose, kubva kudenda kusvika kune mhirizhonga yezvematongerwo enyika nekunetsana, zvinoreva kuti nyika dziri kuramba dzichida kuvandudza kugona kwadzo kudzikisira njodzi dzekusagadzikana kwepasirese.Hurumende pasi rose dzine tarisiro yekuderedza kuvimba kwadzo nekutenga zvinhu kunze kwenyika kubva kune mamwe matunhu uye kutsigira kuvandudzwa kwezvigadzirwa zvemumba, matekinoroji uye zvivakwa.
4. Nekuedza kwenyika kuderedza kubudiswa kwekabhoni, tekinoroji iri kuvhura mikana mitsva yekuderedza kukwira kwekabhoni.Nhasi, misangano nemisangano zvinowanzoitwa online.Kunyange nzira dzekurapa dzinogona kuitwa kure kure pasina chikonzero chekuti vavhiyi vauye kuimba yekuvhiya.Chete chekupedzisira chekukurumidza, chakavimbika, uye chisina kukanganiswa yakaderera latency data hova inogona kuita iyi chaiyo oparesheni.
Izvi macro zvinhu zvinoita kuti vanhu vaunganidze, vatumire, uye vagadzirise data rakawanda pasi rose, uye zvinodawo kutapurirana nekumhanya kwakanyanya uye nekunonoka latency.
Ndeipi basa rinogona kuita mamilimita masaisai?
Iyo millimeter wave spectrum inopa yakafara inoenderera spectrum, ichibvumira kune yakakwirira data kutapurirana.Parizvino, ma microwave frequency anoshandiswa kune mazhinji asina waya kutaurirana ari kuzara uye akapararira, kunyanya aine akati wandei bandwidth akatsaurirwa kune chaiwo madhipatimendi akadai sekudzivirira, aerospace, uye nekukurumidzira kutaurirana.
Paunenge uchifambisa iyo spectrum kumusoro, inowanikwa isina kukanganiswa spectrum chikamu chichava chikuru uye chikamu chakachengetwa chichava chidiki.Kuwedzera frequency renji kunowedzera saizi ye "pipeline" inogona kushandiswa kufambisa data, nekudaro uchiwana yakakura data hova.Nekuda kweiyo yakakura kwazvo chiteshi bandwidth yemamirimita mafungu, zvishoma zvakaoma modulation zvirongwa zvinogona kushandiswa kuendesa data, izvo zvinogona kutungamira kune masisitimu ane yakaderera latency.
Ndeapi matambudziko?
Pane matambudziko anoenderana mukuvandudza spectrum.Izvo zvikamu uye semiconductors zvinodiwa kuendesa uye kugamuchira zvikwangwani pamillimeter mafungu zvakanyanya kuoma kugadzira - uye kune mashoma anowanikwa maitiro.Kugadzira millimeter wave zvikamu zvakare zvakanyanya kuoma nekuti zvidiki, zvinoda kushivirira kwegungano repamusoro uye nekuchenjera dhizaini yekubatanidza uye cavities kuderedza kurasikirwa uye kudzivirira oscillations.
Kuparadzira nderimwe rematambudziko makuru anotarisana nemamillimeter wave masaini.Pamafaro epamusoro, masaini anogona kuvharika kana kuderedzwa nezvinhu zvemuviri zvakaita semadziro, miti, uye zvivakwa.Munzvimbo yekuvaka, izvi zvinoreva kuti millimeter wave inogamuchira inoda kuwanikwa kunze kwechivako kuparadzira chiratidzo mukati.Kune backhaul uye setiraiti kune pasi kutaurirana, hukuru hwekukudza simba hunodiwa kufambisa masaini pamadaro marefu.Pasi, chinhambwe chiri pakati pe-point-to-point link hachikwanise kudarika 1 kusvika 5 makiromita, pane kureba kureba iyo yakaderera-frequency network inogona kuwana.
Izvi zvinoreva, semuenzaniso, munzvimbo dzekumaruwa, mamwe mabhesi zviteshi uye antennas anodiwa kufambisa millimeter wave masaini pamadaro marefu.Kuisa iyi yekuwedzera zvivakwa kunoda nguva yakawanda uye mutengo.Mumakore achangopfuura, kutumirwa kweboka renyeredzi resatellite kwakaedza kugadzirisa dambudziko iri, uye mapoka enyeredzi aya zvakare anotora millimeter wave semusimboti wezvivakwa zvavo.
Ndekupi kwakanakisa kutumirwa kwemamilimita masaisai?
Iyo ipfupi yekuparadzira chinhambwe yemamirimita masaisai inoita kuti vanyatsokodzera kuiswa munzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda mumaguta ane data yakawanda.Iyo imwe nzira kune isina waya network ndeye fiber optic network.Mumaguta, kuchera migwagwa kuisa mafiber matsva kunodhura zvikuru, kunoparadza, uye kunodya nguva.Kusiyana neizvi, millimeter wave yekubatanidza inogona kusimbiswa zvine hungwaru nekukanganisa kushoma mari mukati memazuva mashoma.
Huwandu hwe data hwakawanikwa nemamillimeter wave masiginecha hunofananidzwa neiyo optical fibers, uku ichipa yakaderera latency.Paunenge uchida kukurumidza kuyerera kweruzivo uye kushoma latency, isina waya malink ndiyo sarudzo yekutanga - ndosaka ichishandiswa mukutsinhana kwemasheya uko millisecond latency inogona kunetsa.
Kumaruwa, mutengo wekuisa tambo dzefiber optic unowanzo kurambidza nekuda kwechinhambwe chiripo.Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro, millimeter wave tower network inodawo kukosha kwekudyara kwezvivakwa.Mhinduro yaunzwa pano ndeyekushandisa yakaderera Earth orbit (LEO) setiraiti kana yakakwira-altitude pseudo satellite (HAPS) kubatanidza data kunzvimbo dziri kure.LEO neHAPS network zvinoreva kuti hapana chikonzero chekuisa faibha optics kana kuvaka chinhambwe chipfupi-ku-ku-point mawaya network, uchiri kupa yakanakisa data reti.Satellite kutaurirana yakatoshandisa millimeter wave masiginecha, kazhinji mumucheto wakaderera weiyo spectrum - Ka frequency band (27-31GHz).Pane nzvimbo yekuwedzera kune yakakwirira frequency, senge Q/V uye E frequency mabhendi, kunyanya chiteshi chekudzoka chedata pasi.
Musika wekudzoserwa kwenharembozha uri munzvimbo inotungamira mukushanduka kubva kumicrowave kuenda kumamirimita wave frequency.Izvi zvinofambiswa nekuwanda kwemidziyo yevatengi (midziyo inobatwa nemaoko, malaptop, uye Internet yezvinhu (IoT)) mumakore gumi apfuura, izvo zvakawedzera kudiwa kwedata rakawanda nekukurumidza.
Iye zvino, vashandi vepa satellite vanotarisira kutevera muenzaniso wemakambani ekufonera uye kuwedzera kushandiswa kwemamilimita mafungu mu LEO neHAPS systems.Kare, zvechinyakare geostationary equatorial orbit (GEO) uye yepakati Earth orbit (MEO) masatelliti aive kure zvakanyanya nePasi kuti amise mafambisirwo ekukurukurirana kwevatengi pamillimeter wave frequencies.Nekudaro, kuwedzera kweLEO satellite ikozvino kunoita kuti zvikwanise kumisa millimeter wave zvinongedzo uye kugadzira iyo yakakwirira-inogoneka network inodiwa pasi rose.
Mamwe maindasitiri anewo mukana wakakura wekushandisa tekinoroji yemamillimeter wave.Muindasitiri yemotokari, mota dzinozvimiririra dzinoda kuenderera mberi kwekumhanya-mhanya uye yakaderera latency data network kuti ishande zvakachengeteka.Mundima yezvekurapa, madhata e data anokurumidza uye akavimbika anozodiwa kuti agonese vana chiremba vanovhiya vari kure kuti vakwanise kuita nzira dzekurapa chaidzo.
Makore gumi eMillimeter Wave Innovation
Filtronic inotungamira millimeter wave kutaurirana tekinoroji nyanzvi muUK.Isu tiri mamwe emakambani mashoma muUK anogona kugadzira nekugadzira advanced millimeter wave kutaurirana zvikamu pamwero mukuru.Isu tine emukati maRF mainjiniya (kusanganisira mamirimita wave nyanzvi) anodiwa kufunga, kugadzira, uye kugadzira hutsva hwemamirimita wave tekinoroji.
Mumakore gumi apfuura, takadyidzana nemakambani anotungamira enharembozha kugadzira nhevedzano yemicrowave uye millimeter wave transceivers, magetsi amplifiers, uye subsystems for backhaul network.Chigadzirwa chedu chazvino chinoshanda muE-bhendi, iyo inopa mhinduro inogoneka kune ekupedzisira-yepamusoro ekudyisa zvinongedzo mukutaurirana setiraiti.Mumakore gumi apfuura, zvishoma nezvishoma zvakagadziridzwa uye kuvandudzwa, kuderedza uremu uye mutengo, kuvandudza mashandiro, nekuvandudza maitiro ekugadzira kuwedzera kugadzirwa.Makambani eSatellite anogona ikozvino kudzivirira makore ekuyedzwa kwemukati uye kusimudzira nekutora iyi yakasimbiswa nzvimbo tekinoroji.
Isu takazvipira kune kumberi kwehunyanzvi, kugadzira tekinoroji mukati uye pamwe chete kugadzira mukati mekugadzira misa yakawanda.Isu tinogara tichitungamira musika mukuvandudza kuti tive nechokwadi chekuti tekinoroji yedu yakagadzirira kutumirwa sezvo masangano anodzora anovhura mabhendi matsva.
Isu tave kutogadzira W-bhendi uye D-bhendi tekinoroji kuti zvigadzirise kusangana uye yakakura data traffic muE-bhendi mumakore anotevera.Isu tinoshanda nevatengi veindasitiri kuti tivabatsire kuvaka mukana wemakwikwi kuburikidza nemari yemahara kana mabhendi matsva akavhurwa.
Ndeipi nhanho inotevera yemamita masaisai?
Chiyero chekushandiswa kwedata chinongovandudza munzira imwe chete, uye tekinoroji inotsamira pane data iri kuramba ichivandudza.Augmented reality yasvika, uye maIoT maturusi ari kuita ubiquitous.Pamusoro pekushandiswa kwemumba, zvese kubva kumaindasitiri makuru kusvika kuminda yemafuta negasi uye zvidyarwa zvemagetsi enyukireya zviri kuchinjika kuenda kuIoT tekinoroji yekutarisisa kure - kuderedza kudiwa kwekupindira kwemaoko kana uchishandisa zvivakwa izvi zvakaomarara.Kubudirira kweizvi uye kumwe kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji kuchaenderana nekuvimbika, kukurumidza, uye mhando yedata network inovatsigira - uye mamilimita masaisai anopa huwandu hunodiwa.
Mafungu eMillimeter haana kuderedza kukosha kwemafrequency pazasi 6GHz mumunda wekutaurirana pasina waya.Mukupesana, chinhu chakakosha chekuwedzera kune spectrum, zvichiita kuti akasiyana maapplication abudiswe zvinobudirira, kunyanya ayo anoda makuru data packet, low latency, uye yakakwirira yekubatanidza density.
Iyo nyaya yekushandisa millimeter mafungu kuti uwane zvinotarisirwa uye mikana yeatsva data tekinoroji inogutsa.Asi panewo matambudziko.
Kutonga kunonetsa.Izvo hazvigoneke kupinda iyo yepamusoro millimeter wave frequency bhendi kudzamara zviremera zvinotonga zvapa marezinesi ezvikumbiro zvakati.Zvakadaro, iyo yakafanotaurwa exponential kukura kwekuda kunoreva kuti maregulator ari pasi pekuwedzera kumanikidzwa kuburitsa yakawanda spectrum kudzivirira kusangana uye kukanganisa.Kugovaniswa kwezviratidziro pakati pezvishandiso zvepasi uye zvinoshanda senge meteorological satellite zvinodawo nhaurirano dzakakosha pamashandisirwo ekutengesa, izvo zvinobvumira mabhendi akafararira uye anoenderera mberi asingaende kuAsia Pacific Hz frequency.
Paunenge uchitora mukana wemikana inopihwa neiyo bandwidth nyowani, zvakakosha kuve neakakodzera matekinoroji ekusimudzira yakakwirira frequency kutaurirana.Ndosaka Filtronic iri kugadzira W-bhendi uye D-bhendi tekinoroji yeramangwana.Ichi ndicho chikonzero nei tichibatana nemayunivhesiti, hurumende, uye maindasitiri kusimudzira kusimudzirwa kwehunyanzvi uye ruzivo muminda inodiwa kusangana neramangwana rewireless tekinoroji zvinodiwa.Kana iyo UK ichizotungamira mukugadzira ramangwana repasi rose data network network, inofanirwa kuendesa mari yehurumende munzvimbo dzakakodzera dzeRF tekinoroji.
Semubatsiri mune zvedzidzo, hurumende, uye indasitiri, Filtronic inoita basa rinotungamira mukugadzira matekinoroji epamusoro ekutaurirana anoda kupa hutsva hwekuita uye zvinobvira munyika umo data iri kuwedzera kudiwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-27-2023
