Pamusoro pe polarization ye electromagnetic waves

Iyo midziyo iyo kutaridzika uye amplitude ye electromagnetic wave electric field intensity inoshanduka nekufamba kwenguva inonzi polarization mu optics.Kana shanduko iyi iine mutemo chaiwo, inodaidzwa kuti polarized electromagnetic wave .

(inozonzi polarized wave)

7 mapoinzi akakosha ekuziva nezve "electromagnetic wave polarization" ndeaya:

1. Electromagnetic wave polarization inoreva chivakwa icho kutaridzika uye amplitude ye electromagnetic wave electric field intensity inoshanduka nenguva, inodaidzwa kunzi polarization mu optics.Kana shanduko iyi iine mutemo wakajeka, inodaidzwa kuti polarized electromagnetic wave (inozonzi polarized wave).Kana simba remagetsi rekusimba kwepolarized electromagnetic wave richigara rakanangana ne (transverse) plane perpendicular to propagation direction, uye magumo emagetsi ayo vector yemagetsi anofamba achitevedza nzira yakavharwa, iyi polarized electromagnetic wave inonzi plane polarized wave.Iyo sagittal trajectory yemunda wemagetsi inonzi polarization curve, uye iyo polarization wave inotumidzwa maererano nechimiro chepolarization curve.

2. 2. Kune imwechete frequency plane polarized wave, iyo polarization curve ndeye ellipse (inonzi polarization ellipse), saka inonzi elliptical polarized wave.Kutariswa kubva kunzira yekuparadzira, kana kutenderera kutenderera kwemagetsi munda vector kuri kwewachi, iyo inopindirana nemutemo wekurudyi wehelix, inonzi right-handed polarized wave;Kana nzira yekutenderera ichienderana newachi uye ichienderana nemutemo wekuruboshwe wehelix, inodaidzwa kuti left-handed polarized wave.Zvinoenderana neiyo geometric parameters yepolarization ellipse (ona iyo geometric parameters yepolarization ellipse), iyo elliptical polarization wave inogona kutsanangurwa quantitatively, kureva, iyo axial ratio (chiyero cheiyo axis refu kune pfupi axis), iyo polarization. nzira yekona (iyo oblique angle yeakisi refu) uye inotenderera inotenderera (kurudyi kana kuruboshwe kutenderera).An elliptical polarized wave ine axial ratio yakaenzana ne1 inonzi circular polarized wave, uye iyo polarization curve idenderedzwa, iyo inogona zvakare kukamurwa kuita kurudyi-ruoko kana kuruboshwe-kuruboshwe.Panguva ino, polarization direction angle haina chokwadi, uye oblique angle yekutanga kutaridzika kwemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi anotsiviwa.Iyo elliptical polarization wave iyo axial ratio inorerekera ku infinity inonzi linear polarization wave.Iko kutaridzika kwemagetsi ayo vector yemagetsi inogara iri munzira yakatwasuka, uye iyo oblique angle yeiyi mutsara wakatwasuka ndiyo polarization kutungamira.Panguva ino, kutungamira kwekutenderera kunorasikirwa nezvazvinoreva uye kunotsiviwa nechikamu chekutanga chesimba remagetsi.

3. Chero ipi zvayo inonzi elliptical polarization wave inogona kuderedzwa muhuwandu hwerudyi-rudyi denderedzwa polarization wave (inomiririrwa netsoka chiratidzo R) uye kuruboshwe-ruboshwe denderedzwa polarization wave (inomiririrwa netsoka chiratidzo L).Kana iyo linearly polarized wave yakaora kuita maviri denderedzwa polarized masaisai ane mativi ekutenderera akapesana, maamplitudes awo akaenzana uye mavambo awo anoenzana neayo emutsara polarized wave.

4. Chero elliptical polarization wave inogonawo kuomeswa muhuwandu hwemafungu maviri ane mutsara ane polarized orthogonal orientation.Kazhinji, rimwe remafungu ane mutsara ane polarized akatariswa mundege yakatwasuka (uye perpendicular kunzira yekuparadzira), iyo inonzi horizontally polarized wave (inomiririrwa netsoka chiratidzo h);Kutarisa kweimwe linearly polarized wave iri panguva imwe chete yakatarisana neinongedzo uye yekuparadzira kutungamira kweiyo pamusoro yakatwasuka polarized wave, inonzi vertically polarized wave (inomiririrwa netsoka chiratidzo V) (iyo yemagetsi field vector ye vertically polarized wave inotungamirwa. pamwe chete nemutsetse wekumisa chete kana nzira yekuparadzira iri mundege yakachinjika).Iwo emagetsi emumunda mavector ezvikamu zviviri zvine mutsetse polarized wave ane akasiyana amplitude sum uye akasiyana ekutanga chikamu sum.

5. Iyo yakafanana elliptical polarization wave inogona kutsanangurwa quantitative kwete chete nejometri parameters yepolarization ellipse, asiwo nemiganhu pakati pezvikamu zviviri zvinotenderera zvinotenderera circular polarization kana maviri orthogonal linear polarization components.Polarization denderedzwa mepu ndiyo fungidziro yemaisolines eakasiyana polarization paramita pane spherical pamusoro peiyo equatorial ndege.Iyo antenna inofambisa uye inogashira mafungu emagetsi ane chokwadi chepolarization zvimiro, izvo zvinogona kupihwa zita zvinoenderana neiyo electromagnetic wave polarization mune yakasimba kwazvo mwenje nzira kana ichishandiswa seanotamisa antenna.

6. Kazhinji, kuitira kuti uwane simba guru rekufambisa pakati pekutumira uye kugamuchira antennas, kutumira uye kugamuchira antenna ane maitiro akafanana epolarization anofanira kushandiswa.Iyi mamiriro ekugadzirisa anonzi polarization matching.Dzimwe nguva, kuitira kudzivirira kuiswa kweimwe polarization wave, anantennaine orthogonal polarization zvivakwa zvinoshandiswa, senge vertical polarization antenna orthogonal kune yakatwasuka polarization wave;Antenna yerudyi-yerudyi yakatenderedzwa polarized antenna iri orthogonal kune kuruboshwe-ruboshwe denderedzwa polarized wave.Iyi mamiriro ekugadzirisa anonzi polarization isolation.

7. Kugona kuparadzaniswa pakati pemafungu maviri anowirirana orthogonal polarization inogona kushandiswa kune dzakasiyana-siyana mbiri polarization system.Semuenzaniso, kushandisa antenna imwe ine mbiri polarization basa kuona mbiri chiteshi kutapurirana kana transceiver duplex;Maviri akapatsanurwa orthogonal polarization antennas anoshandiswa kuona polarization siyana kugamuchira kana stereoscopic yekutarisa (senge stereo firimu).Uye zvakare, mumasisitimu ekuona ruzivo akadai seremote sensing uye radar tarisiro yekuzivikanwa, iyo polarization pfuma yemafungu akapararira inogona kupa rumwe ruzivo kunze kweamplitude uye chikamu ruzivo.

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